Scholarly Name Reference
of a celebrated Avatār of the god Viṣṇu, or sometimes identified with Viṣṇu himself [MBh. v, 2563; xiv, 1589 ff.; Hariv. 2359 &c.] as distinct from his ten Avatārs or incarnations
Scholarly reference for Kṛṣṇa
कृष्ण
The name in its original Devanagari form. कृष्ण → Kṛṣṇa. Sanskrit Kṛṣṇa is written in Devanagari as कृष्ण · IAST transliteration maps each Devanagari vowel and consonant to a Latin equivalent · Macrons mark long vowels (ā, ī, ū); dots beneath consonants mark retroflex articulation (ṭ, ḍ, ṇ, ṣ)
KRISHNA
Stripped of its identity, the name was reduced to plain Latin letters. The original orthography — stress, length, breathing — was erased by systems that only understand A-Z.
Kṛṣṇa
The Unicode restoration recovers what ASCII destroyed. This is philological accuracy — not decoration. The domain encodes to Punycode, but the browser displays the truth.
The name carries more than one valid sense. The primary sense is the figure or role; the etymology is the older linguistic root.
kṛṣṇa.com → xn--ka-pxszdub.com
The non-ASCII characters in Kṛṣṇa are encoded while the ASCII remains visible. To the DNS, it is Punycode. To humanity, it is Kṛṣṇa. This domain is currently registered by another party.
How krishna becomes Kṛṣṇa
| Step | ASCII | Unicode | Type | Scholarly Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | k | → | K | Same | Same |
| 02 | r | → | ṛ | Special | R-dot-under: vocalic /r/ |
| 03 | i | → | Drop | Dropped: absorbed in ṛ | |
| 04 | s | → | ṣ | Special | S-dot-under: retroflex /ʂ/ |
| 05 | h | → | Drop | Dropped: digraph simplified | |
| 06 | n | → | ṇ | Special | N-dot-under: retroflex /ɳ/ |
| 07 | a | → | a | Same | Short /a/ |
Why Kṛṣṇa is classified as Tier-2 Basic
The Sanskrit form कृष्ण preserves neither stress nor length in this Unicode restoration. This makes it a single-tier Tier-2 Basic name — still a scholarly step above plain ASCII, but without the distinctive phonetic features that define higher tiers.
See how Kṛṣṇa behaves in the PUNYCODEX Type Tool — with predictive autocomplete, character-by-character breakdown, and scholarly constraint validation.
krishna
→
Kṛṣṇa